宁波导游词英文
宁波天一阁英文导游词
天一阁是国内现存最古老的藏书楼之一。古籍浩瀚，历史悠久，距今已有430多年的历史，素负“南国书城”之盛誉，巍然屹立在宁波城月湖之滨，成为亚洲现存历史最悠久、最古老的私人藏书楼，也是世界上现存最古老的三个家族图书馆之一。以下是宁波天一阁英文导游词，欢迎阅读。
雄踞大门两侧是一对清代石狮。这些木结构的大门，是清道光年间造的。南国书城这四个字由著名国画 -潘天寿所书，而古阁藏英则是由大书法家沙孟海亲题。现在所看到的大门两旁对联是钟鼎文，读作天一遗形源长垂远，南雷深意藏久尤难，对联说明了天一阁藏书楼历史悠久和清初著名思想家黄宗羲登上天一阁藏书楼以后的感叹心情。黄宗羲号南雷，他曾赏叹读书难，藏书尤难。藏之久而不散，则难之难矣。
进入天一阁，首先映入我们眼帘的是照壁上气势宏大的溪山逸马图，当年柬埔寨国家元首诺罗敦·西哈努克亲王曾在这里拍照留念。这幅八骏图是堆塑，它的作者是已故民间老艺人胡善成。天一阁的堆塑，绝大部分是他的作品。参观完这块照壁后，从右边的直门春随人意中进去（左面是1980年新建的书库和阅览室）。可以看见天一阁的又一块照壁，大家知道它叫什么吗？它统称为麒麟。但细分下来，这是一个龙角、牛嘴的獬豸，是正义的象征。
天一阁藏书已有400多年的历史了，我们现在看到的这幢藏书楼就是几经修缮后保存下来的天一阁遗址，它是晚清时期的建筑遗物。天一阁的主人名叫范钦，字尧卿，号东明。明嘉靖十一年（范钦27岁时）进士，做过湖广隋州知府、江西袁州知府、广西参政、福建按察使、云南右布正使以及陕西、河南等省的地方官。后来又巡抚南赣汀漳诸郡，宦迹遍布半个中国，直至官升兵部侍郎。范钦生性耿直，不畏权贵，曾顶撞过权倾朝野的武定侯郭勋，因此蒙受冤狱。后在袁州知府任内，因秉公执法又得罪了权臣严世藩，为了避祸，辞官还乡。回到宁波后，就建造了藏书楼。范钦爱书成癖，在做地方官时，每到一处总是留心搜集当地的公私刻本，对无法买到的书就雇人抄录。经史百家之书，他兼收兼蓄，不厚古薄今，比较重视当代著作和文献的收藏。在他的藏书中，明代地方志、政书实录、明人诗文集及历代科试士录，占了很大的比重。此外，还汇集了许多有价值的碑贴，其中著名的是北宋拓本。
范钦的藏书楼原名叫东明草堂，楼前开凿一池与月湖沟通，蓄水备用。当时宁波有许多藏书楼，但先后遭受兵火破坏，范钦想，兵灾无法避免，火灾可以防止。为了防止火灾，范钦费尽苦心，查阅了许多书本，最后在《易经》中看到有天一生水，地六成之这句话而受到启发，便取其以水制火之意，将藏书楼改名天一阁。藏书楼上为一大通间，楼下六间，象征：天一地六。范钦不但将藏书楼改了名，还规定抽烟喝酒后切忌登楼，不准擅领亲朋好友开门入阁及留宿阁内，更不准擅自将藏书借出外房及他姓者，凡违者处以不能参加祭祀祖宗的大典的惩罚。天一阁的主人连取名时都考虑到了防火的重要，可见其用心良苦。
范钦一直活到80岁。临终时把大儿子大冲和二媳妇（次子大潜已故）叫到榻前，他把遗产分成两份，一是白银万两，二是全部藏书。大冲体察老父心情，决定代不分手，书不出阁。范钦的后代对天一阁藏书的保护制订了许多严格的禁约。据记载嘉庆年间，宁波知府邱铁卿的内侄女钱绣云是一个酷爱读书的聪明才女，为求得登阁读书的机会，托邱太守为媒与范氏后裔范邦柱秀才结为夫妻，婚后的绣云满怀希望，以为这下可以如愿以偿了，但万万没想到，已成了范家媳妇的她还是不能登楼看书，因为族规不准妇女登阁，竟使之郁郁含恨而终，遗命夫君将她葬于阁边，愿以芳魂与书作伴，了却她另一种青灯黄卷的夙愿这一悲剧足以说明禁约的严格。
原来藏书楼四周都是花园，以防附近一旦发生火灾不会遭受其害。到了清初时，范钦的曾孙范文光请来名匠垒起玲珑假山九狮一象、福禄寿等。由名匠 -堆砌造就的玲珑剔透、形象逼真的假山中有许多动物，大家不妨数一数共有几只？
主人为了保护藏书楼而制定了极为森严的规定，同时作为一份私人财富，藏书楼也是外人不可染指的。然而世代规约不可能是一成不变的，第一个破例登上天一阁藏书楼的外姓族人是明末清初的思想家黄宗羲。清代康熙十二年（公元1673）黄宗羲由于他的道德、文章、学识、气节在当时普遍受到人们的敬佩。在范氏族中曾做过嘉兴府学训导的范友仲帮助下，很快取得了范氏各房的同意，登上了天一阁。原来范钦后代为防止藏书失散，还议定藏书由子孙共同管理，阁门和书橱钥匙分房掌管，非各房齐集，任何人不得擅开。黄宗羲不仅阅读了天一阁的全部藏书，还为天一阁藏书整理编目作出了贡献。
天一阁是一座古代藏书楼，各类藏书丰富齐全。而藏书楼历经430多年，饱经了岁月的'风风雨雨，其本身就是一部史书。天一阁原有藏书七万卷，在历史上饱经了沧桑。首次浩劫是在清朝乾隆年间，当时乾隆皇帝决定编写《四库全书》，为此下旨各省加意采访遗书进呈备用，乾隆还颇知属下的弊端，再三警告经手者不准扣留私索地方藏书者进呈的书籍，凡是进呈的书抄录后务必认真发还，然而范钦第八世孙范懋柱进呈的638种珍贵的古籍真正得到归还的寥寥无几，侵吞这些书籍的正是过手的翰林学士地方官员。这次进呈对于修《四库全书》来说是巨大的贡献，因为这600多种都是稀有的藏本，其中被收录在《四库全书》中的有96种，列入存目的有377种，居于全国各家藏书之冠。乾隆皇帝对于范氏进呈的藏书之功倒是念念不忘，乾隆三十七年（公元1774年）六月特颁旨嘉奖天一阁武英殿铜活字印本《古今图书集成》一部，计一万卷。后又赐给《平定回部得胜图》、《平定金川图》各一套。《古今图书集成》今在天一阁内还保存8300多卷。《平定图》的16幅画的作者为意大利籍的画家郎世宁，每幅画上都有乾隆题诗，并盖有御印，此图至今仍完好地保存在天一阁中。
Onbothsidesofthegateareapairofstonelions.Thedoorsofthesewoodenstructuresweremadeduringtheqingdynasty.ThefourcharactersarewrittenbythefamousChinesepaintingmasterpantianshou,andtheancientcabinetisafamousbookbythegreatcalligrapher,shamenghai.Coupletsonbothsidesofthegateisnowseeinscriptionsonancientbronzeobjects,butreaddayslongformsourcefar,southraymeaninghiddenforalongtimeespeciallydifficult,coupletillustratesthetianyipavilionlibraryhasalonghistoryandfamousthinkerhuangqingboardedthetianyipavilionlibraryexclamationmood.Southrayofhuangzongxi,heoncepraisedthedifficultyofreadingbooks,especiallydifficult.Itisdifficulttohidealongtime.
Enteringthepavilion,thefirstthingthatcomestooureyesisthemagnificenceofthexishanyimamap,whereprincenorodomsihanouk,theheadofstateofCambodia,tookphotoshere.Thispictureisapileofplastic,theauthoristhedeceasedfolkoldartisthushancheng.Thevastmajorityofhisworksaremadeupofpiles.Aftervisitingthewall,thestraightdoorontherightgoesinwiththeperson(theleftsideisthenewlybuiltlibraryandreadingroomin1980).Youcanseethewallofthepavilion.Doyouknowwhatit'scalled?It'scalledtheunicorn.Butsubdivisiondown,thisisadragonhorn,cattlemouthhaetae,isthesymbolofjustice.
Thelibraryhasahistoryofmorethan400years,andthebuildingwearenowlookingatisoneoftherelicsoftheimperialpalace,whichwaspreservedinthelateqingdynasty.Theownerofthepavilioniscalledfanchin,thecharacterofyaoqing,thenameofdongming.Theeleventhyearofjiajingjinshi(FanQin27),doneHuGuangsuistatemagistrate,jiangxiYuanZhoumagistrate,participateinguangxi,fujianprovincialjudges,yunnanrightclothismadeandthelocalofficialsinshaanxiandhenanprovinces.Later,hewasgovernorofsouthernjiangxiandzhangzhoucounty,andtheorderwasspreadoverhalfofChinauntiltheofficialpromotiondepartmentassistantminister.Hewasanhonestanduprightman.Hewasnotafraidofthepowerful,andhehadtherighttogotothecourt.Laterinthegovernor'sofficeofyuanzhou,becauseofthejusticeofthelaw,healsooffendedthepowerfulofficials,inordertoavoidthedisaster,resignedtoreturntothecountry.Backinningbo,thebuildingwasbuilt.Whenhewasalocalofficial,healwayskeptaneyeonthelocalpublicandprivatebooks,andhiredpeopletocopybookshecouldn'tbuy.Throughthebooksofhundredsofbooks,hehascollectedandaccumulated,andhaspaidmoreattentiontothecollectionofcontemporaryworksandliterature.Inhiscollectionofbooks,theMingdynastylocalChronicles,thebookofgovernmentbooks,thecollectionofpeople'spoemsandthehistoryoftheimperialexamination,whichaccountsforalargeproportion.Inaddition,therearealotofvaluabletablets,amongthemthenorthernsongrubbings.
Theoriginalnameofthebuildingisdongminggrasshall,whichisusedtocommunicatewiththemoonlakeinfrontofthebuilding.Atthattime,thereweremanybooksinningbo,buttheyweredestroyedbyfireandfire,andfanqinthoughtthatthefirecouldnotbeavoided.Inordertopreventfire,expendFanQinpainstakingly,lookedthroughmanybooksinthelastlivingwater,seetherearedaysintheyijingtosixtypercentofthewordsandinspired,takeitsthemeaningofwatersystemoffire,willrenametianyipavilionlibrary.Thelibraryisalargeroom,withsixdownstairssymbols:thesixthofheaven.FanQinchangedname,notonlythelibraryalsoprovidesboardfloorofavoidbyallmeans,afterdrinkingandsmokingarenotallowedtomakefreeledtherelativesandfriendstoopenthedoorintothecabinetandstayinsidethecabinet,morenotallowedtodoSTHwithoutauthorizationtocollectbookslendWaiFangandhissurname,allthepenaltiesforoffenderssentencedtocan'tattendtheceremonyofsacrificefathers.Theowneroftianyicourtevennamedaftertheimportanceoffireprevention,itcanbeseenthatithasgoodintentions.
Vanchinliveduntilhewas80.Onhisdeathbedhecalledhiseldestsonandhisdaughter-in-law,thesecondson,tothecouch.Hedividedtheestateintotwoparts,oneforsilverandtheotherforthewholecollection.Theoldfatherwasinastateofmind,anddecidednottobreakup.Thedescendantsoffanchinhavemademanystrictprohibitionsontheprotectionofthelibrary.Accordingtotherecordjiaqingyears,ningbomagistrateQiuTieqingniecemoneytoembroideracloudisacleverwoman,haveapassionforreadingtogetchancetostudypavilion,mediumandhighpositivelytoseedfannFanBangzhushowjustmarried,embroideredcloudhopeaftermarriage,thoughtthatthisbottomcangetit,butneverexpected,hasbecomeafanhomedaughter-in-lawreading,shestillcan'tclimbfloorbecauseZuGuiforbidswomen'spavilion,havemadethegriefofswallowedtheiranger,andsurelynohusbandburiedhercabinet,maywitharomaticsoulcompanionsofbooks,butsheisalong-cherishedwishforanotherQingDengHuangJuan.meanwhilethetragedyJinYaostrictly.
Itturnsoutthatthebuildingissurroundedbygardens,justincasethereisnofireinthevicinity.Atthebeginningoftheqingdynasty,hisgreat-grandson,fanwenguang,invitedthefamousartisanstobuildtheninelionandtheelephant,fulushouandsoon.Therearemanyanimalsintheexquisitelycarvedandlifelikerockerybuiltbymastercraftsmen.Howmanypeoplecanyoucount?
Inordertoprotectthelibrary,themastersetupextremelystrictrules,andasaprivatewealth,thelibraryisalsoanoutsider'suntouchable.However,itisimpossibleforthegenerationstatutetobeinvariable.Thefirstonetomakeanexceptionishuangzongxi,whowasathinkerinthelateMingandearlyqingdynasty.Inthetwelfthyearofemperorkangxi(1673),huangzongxiwaswidelyadmiredatthetimebecauseofhismorality,articles,knowledgeandspirit.Withthehelpoffan,whohadbeenthetutorofjiaxing,hequicklyobtainedtheapprovalofthefan'shousesandascendedtothepavilion.Inordertopreventthelossofthecollectionofbooks,itwasagreedthatthelibraryshouldbemanagedbythechildrenandgrandchildren,andthecabinetandbookcasekeyswereincharge.Huanghadnotonlyreadallthebooksoftianyige,butalsocontributedtothecollectionandcataloguingofthelibrary.
Tianyigeisanancientlibrarywithawiderangeofbooks.AndtheTibetanbookbuilding,aftermorethan430years,hasexperiencedtheupsanddownsoftheyears,andisitselfahistorybook.Thereareseventythousandvolumesoftheoriginalcollectionofbooks,andthehistoryisfullofvicissitudes.Havocforthefirsttimewasinqianlongperiod,whentheqianlongemperordecidedtowrite"ku",thereforetheprovincesonthemonkeybelievinginterviewnotesubmissionofsecretmemorialshadgreatdifferencesaside,qianlongalsoquiteknowthedisadvantagesofsubordinates,throughrepeatedwarningsarenotallowedtowithholdtheprivatelineplaceofferssubmissionofsecretmemorialshadgreatdifferencesinthebooks,willitcarefullyaftertranscribingallsubmissionofsecretmemorialshadgreatdifferencesinthebook,howeverFanQinthe8thcolumnSunFanmaosubmissionofsecretmemorialshadgreatdifferencesof638kindsofpreciousancientbooksreallyfewofthemcanbereturned,misappropriationofthesebooksisontheacademicianbachelor'slocalofficials.Thesubmissionofsecretmemorialshadgreatdifferencesforrepairing"ku"isagreatcontribution,becauseitmorethan600kindsarerareeditions,whichwascollectedin"siku"thereare96species,thereare377specieswhichareincludedintheCunMuoccupiesthenationalvariousbooks.Emperorqianlongforfannsubmissionofsecretmemorialshadgreatdifferencesoflibraryworkisnotforgetforamoment,thirty-sevenyearsofqianlong(1774AD)inJune,awardedthepurportofrewardsfortianyipavilionhallofmartialvalorbronzeschriftprintsanintegrationofancientandmodernbooks,tenthousand.Later,itwasgivento"pingdinghui"and"pingdingjinchuanmap".Thebookintegrationofancientandmodernbooksstillholdsmorethan8,300volumesintianyige.Theauthorofthe16paintingsof"pingding"isanItalianpainternamedlangshi-ning.Eachpaintinghasaqianlonginscriptionandaroyalseal,whichisstillingoodcondition.