五台山的导游词英语
五台山英语导游词
Wade–GilesromanizationWu-t"aiShan,PinyinWutaiShanmountainandmountainchaininnortheastShansiProvince,China.Themountainchainisamassifwithasouthwest–northeastaxis,separatedfromtheHengShan(mountains)tothenorthwestbythevalleyoftheHu-t"oHo(river),whichcurvesarounditssouthernflanktoflowintotheNorthChinaPlaininHopehProvince.Mt.Wu-t"aiisactuallyaclusterofflat-toppedpeaksfromwhichthemountaintakesitsname(FiveTerraces).Thehighestpeakis10,033ft(3,058m)abovesealevel.
Mt.Wu-t"aiisparticularlyfamousasoneofthegreatholyplacesofChineseBuddhism.Greatnumbersoftemples,includingsomeoftheoldestwoodenbuildingssurvivinginChina,arescatteredoverthemountain;thelargesttemples—suchastheHsien-t"ung,theTa-ta-yüan,andthePu-sa-ting-shen-jung-yüan—aregroupedaroundthetownofT"ai-huai-chen.
Mt.Wu-t"aiappearsfirsttohavebecomeaholymountaintotheTaoistadeptsofthelaterHandynasty(AD25–220)butcameintoprominenceinthe5thcenturyundertheNorthernWeidynasty(386–534/35)when,asCh"ing-liangShan,itbecameidentifiedasthedwellingplaceofMnjurībodhisattva(aheavenlybeingwhovoluntarilypostponeshisBuddhahoodinordertoworkforworldlywelfareandunderstanding).ThecultofMnjurīwasintensifiedundertheT"angdynasty(618–907).InearlyT"angtimesMountWu-t"aiwascloselyassociatedwiththepatriarchsoftheHua-yenBuddhistschool,becomingtheprincipalcentreoftheirteaching.DuringthisperioditattractedscholarsandpilgrimsnotonlyfromallpartsofChinabutalsofromJapan,whocontinuedtovisitandstudythereuntilthe12thcentury.
ManyoftheothermonasteriesintheregionwereattachedtoCh"anBuddhism,whichinthe9thcenturyfoundpatronageintheregionfromtheprovincialgovernorsoftheneighbouringareasofHopeh,whowereabletoprotectMountWu-t"aifromtheworstravagesofthegreatreligiouspersecutionthatoccurredfrom843to845.UnderMongolruleinthelate13thcentury,TibetanBuddhism(Lamaism)wasfirstintroducedtoMountWu-t"ai.DuringtheCh"ingdynasty(1644–1911/12),whentheTibetanBuddhistreligionwasanimportantelementinrelationsbetweentheChinesecourtandtheirMongolandTibetanvassalsandwhenthestategavelavishsupporttomonasteriesinhabitedbylamas(monks),MountWu-t"aiwasoneoftheprincipalmonasticcentres.
Fewofthepresentbuildingsareveryold,butthemainhalloftheHua-kuangSsu,datingfrom857,istheoldestsurvivingwoodenbuildinginChina.