北京导游英语导游词
北京旅游导游词英文
Tian’anmen（theGateofHeavenlyPeace），islocatedinthecenterofBeijing. Itwasfirstbuiltin1417andnamedChengtianmen（theGateofHeavenly Succession）。AttheendoftheMingDynasty，itwasseriouslydamagedbywar. WhenitwasrebuiltundertheQingin1651，itwasrenamedTian’anmen，and servedasthemainentrancetotheImperialCity，theadministrativeand residentialquartersforcourtofficialsandretainers.Thesouthernsectionsof theImperialCitywallstillstandonbothsidesoftheGate.Thetoweratthe topofthegateisnine-roomwideandfive–roomdeep.AccordingtotheBookof Changes，thetwonumbersnineandfive，whencombined，symbolizethesupreme statusofasovereign.DuringtheMingandQingdynasties，Tian’anmenwasthe placewherestateceremoniestookplace.Themostimportantoneofthemwasthe issuingofimperialedicts，whichfollowedthesesteps：
1）TheMinisterofRiteswouldreceivetheedictinTaihedian（Hallof SupremeHarmony），wheretheEmperorwasholdinghiscourt.Theministerwould thencarrythedecreeonayunpan（trayofcloud），andwithdrawfromthehall viaTaihemen（GateofsupremeHarmony）
2）TheMinisterwouldputthetrayinaminiaturelongting（dragonpavilion）。 BeneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviaWumen（MeridianGate），toTian’anmen Gatetower.
3）Acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.Thecivilandmilitary officialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostrate themselves inthedirectionoftheemperorinwaitingforthedecreetothe proclaimed.
4）Thecourtierwouldthenputtheedictinaphoenix-shapedwoodenboxand loweritfromthetowerbymeansofasilkcord.Thedocumentwouldfinallybe carriedinasimilartrayofcloudunderayellowumbrellatotheMinistryof Rites.
5）Theedict，copiedonyellowpaper，wouldbemadeknowntothewhole country.《BR》Suchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedas“ImperialEdictIssued byGoldenPhoenix”.DuringtheMingandQingdynastiesTian’anmenwasthemost importantpassage.ItwasthisgatethattheEmperorandhisretinuewouldgo throughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities.
OntheWestsideofTian’anmenstandsZhongshanPark（Dr.SunYat-sen’sPark）， andontheeastside，theWorkingPeople’sCulturalPalave.TheParkwas formerlycalledShejitan（AltarofLandandGrain），builtin1420foroffering sacrificialitemstotheGodofLand.Itwasopenedtothepublicasaparkin 1914anditsnamewaschangedin1928tothepresentoneinmemoryofthegreat pioneeroftheChineseDemocraticRevolution.TheWorkingPeople’sCultural PalaceusedtobeTaimiao（theSupremeAncestralTemple），wheretabletsofthe deceaseddynasticrulerswerekept.
ThestreaminfrontofTian’anmeniscalledWaijinshuihe（OuterGolden River），withsevenmarblebridgesspanningoverit。Oftheseseven bridges，historicalrecordssaythemiddleonewasfortheexclusiveuseofthe emperorandwasaccordinglycalledYuluqiao（ImperialBridge）。Thebridges flankingitoneithersideweremeantforthemembersoftheroyalfamilyand werethereforecalledWanggongqiao（Royal’sBridges）。Fartherawayoneachside ofthetwowerebridgesforofficialsrankingabovethethirdorderandwere namedPinjiqiao（ministerialBridges）。Theremainingtwobridgeswereforthe usebytheretinuebelowthethirdorderandwrecalledGongshengqiao（common Bridges）。TheyanrtheoneinfrontoftheSupremeAncestralTempletotheeast andtheoneinfrontoftheAltaroflandandGraintothewest.
ThetwostonelionsbytheGateofTian’anmen，oneoneachsideweremeantas sentries.Theygazetowardthemiddleaxis，guardingtheemperor’swalkway.In frontofthegatestandsapairofmarblecolumnscalledHuabiao.Theyare elaboratelycutinbas-relieffollowingthepatternofalegendarydragon. Behindthegatestandsanotherpairofsimilarcolumns.ThestoryofHuabiaomay betracedtoacoupleofsources.Oneoftheversionsaccreditsitsinventionto oneoftheChinesesagekingsnamedYao，whowassaidtohavesetupawooden pillarinordertoallowtheordinarypeopletoexposeevil-doers，henceitwas originallycalledaslanderpillar.Lateritwsreducedtoasignpost，andnow itservesasanornament.
Thebeastsittingonthetopofthecolumniscalled”hou”，alegendary animal，whichissaidtohavebeenawatcherofanemperor’sbehaviour.Hewas doingsuchdutiesaswarningtheemperoragainststayingtoolongoutsidethe palaceorindulginginpleasureandurginghimtogotothepeoplefortheir complaintsorreturninduetime.Therefore，thetwopairsofbeastsweregiven thenames”Wangjunhui”（Expectingtheemperor’scomingback）and“wangjunchu”（ Expectingtheemperor’sgoingout）respectinvely.
Intheolddays，Tian’anmen，asapartoftheImperialCity，wasmeantfor importantoccasions.Thetworowsofchaofang（antechamber），onthesidesbehind themaingate，wrereservedforcivilandmilitarymembersofthegovernment waitingforimperialaudienceandinfrontofthegate，wereofficesofimperial administration.
OnOctober1，1949，chairmanMaoZedongproclaimedonTian’anmenRostrumthe foundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.SincethenTian’anmenhasbeenthe symbolofNewChinea.ChairmanMao’sportraitishungabovethecentral entrance，flankedbytwoslogans：”LongLivetheGreatUnityofthePeoplesof theWorld”。Today，thesplendourofTian’anmenattractsmillionofvisitors fromallovertheworld.TheRostrumonitstopwasopenedin1988tothepublic forthefirsttimeinitshistory.ItoffersapanoramicviewoftheSquareand thecityproper.
Tian’anmenSquare
SituatedduesouthofTian’anmen，theSquarehasanareaof44hectares（109 acres）thatcanaccommodateasmanyasonemillionpeopleforpublicgatherings. IthaswitnessedmayhistoricaleventsinChina’smodernhistoryandisaplace forcelebrationsonsuchfestivedaysasinternationalLabourDayonMay1stand nationalDayonOctober1st.